Public opinion in the United States contains a paradox. The American public is symbolically conservative: it cherishes the symbols of conservatism and is more likely to identify as conservative than as liberal. Yet at the same time, it is operationally liberal, wanting government to do and spend more to solve a variety of social problems. This book focuses on understanding this contradiction. It argues that both facets of public opinion are real and lasting, not artifacts of the survey context or isolated to particular points in time. By exploring the ideological attitudes of the American public as a whole, and the seemingly conflicted choices of individual citizens, it explains the foundations of this paradox. The keys to understanding this large-scale contradiction, and to thinking about its consequences, are found in Americans' attitudes with respect to religion and culture and in the frames in which elite actors describe policy issues. This book explains why the American public thinks of itself as conservative, but supports liberal positions on specific policy matters. Focusing squarely on the contradiction in public attitudes, it provides a broader explanation of American political ideology and how American citizens connect their beliefs to the choices presented by policy-makers.
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"With Ideology in America, Christopher Ellis and James Stimson have taken a giant step forward in understanding the complex and seemingly contradictory character of left and right in America. Their book not only explains the simultaneous presence of symbolic conservatism and operational liberalism, but points to perhaps the most important constituency in elections, the conflicted conservative."
-Thomas B. Edsall, Joseph Pulitzer II and Edith Pulitzer Moore Professor, Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, author of Age of Austerity
-Thomas B. Edsall, Joseph Pulitzer II and Edith Pulitzer Moore Professor, Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, author of Age of Austerity