IL-33, as well as galectins 1 and 3 represent a powerful immunomodulatory agens that alter immune response in various pathological conditions. The topic of this book is a summary of the results of our and simillar studies that explore the role of Interleukin 33/ST2 axis and galectins 1 and 3 in biology of inflammatory and malignat diseases of colorectal region with comorbidities. Special focus is directed at immunomodulatory role of these agents and correlation with parameters of innate and acquired, local and systemic, immune response.