This volume presents a comprehensive, unbiased, and easily accessible review of U.S. immigration reform, and explains why reform efforts have resulted in the current state of political deadlock over the issue in the United States Congress. Comprising seven chapters, Immigration Reform: A Reference Handbook surveys the complex topic for high school, undergraduate, and general readers. Chapter 1 gives the historical background to current immigration reform efforts, concentrating on the period from 1965 to date. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies, and the proposed solutions to them.…mehr
This volume presents a comprehensive, unbiased, and easily accessible review of U.S. immigration reform, and explains why reform efforts have resulted in the current state of political deadlock over the issue in the United States Congress. Comprising seven chapters, Immigration Reform: A Reference Handbook surveys the complex topic for high school, undergraduate, and general readers. Chapter 1 gives the historical background to current immigration reform efforts, concentrating on the period from 1965 to date. Chapter 2 discusses problems and controversies, and the proposed solutions to them. Chapter 3 consists of eight original essays contributed by other scholars, complementing the perspective and expertise of the author. Chapter 4 profiles major organizations and people who, as stakeholders in the politics of immigration reform, drive the agenda on the issue. Chapter 5 presents data and documents on the topic, giving readers the ability to analyze the facts. Chapter 6 provides additional resources that the reader may wish to consult, such as books, journal articles, and films. Chapter 7 provides a detailed chronology of important events from 1965 to 2017 that propel the politics and establish the policy of U.S. immigration reform. The book closes with a useful glossary of key terms used throughout the book and a comprehensive subject index.
Michael C. LeMay is professor emeritus of political science at California State University, San Bernardino, CA.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface 1 Background and History Introduction Forerunners to Current U.S. Legal Immigration Law The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 The 1980 Refugee Act The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 IMMACT 1990 The Terrorist Attacks of 9/11 and the American Response The USA Patriot Act Creating the Department of Homeland Security and Dissolving the INS Reform Actions Taken by the Obama Administration Deferred Action Immigration Reform Border Control Reform Actions of the Trump Administration The Travel Ban DACA Annulment Conclusion References 2 Problems Controversies and Solutions Introduction Groupthink in the Aftermath of 9/11 Management Problems of Immigration Policy Implementation Civil Liberties and Privacy versus Immigration Control Comprehensive Immigration Reform Gerrymandering and the Immigration Reform Deadlock Changes in Immigration Policy from the Obama to Trump Administrations The Travel Ban Controversy Business Needs versus Security Concerns in Visa Application Processing Adverse Economic Impact of Visa-Tightening Procedures The Impact of Federal State and Local Government Relations The Brain Drain Problem Immigration Concerns and Their Impact on Social Security Conclusion References 3 Perspectives Introduction Immigration Reform Legislation of 1987: Lessons from the Past Berkley Bedell with Kenneth Bedell Comprehensive Immigration Reform from the Conservative Perspective Chuck Larson Refugee Resettlement as Seen through the Eyes of a Volunteer ESL Teacher Marty Liddy True to Our Origins: The Democratic Party and Comprehensive Immigration Reform Ryan Macoubrie Immigration Reform Dysfunction: Why Reform Does Not Happen Tim Magrath How Communities Can Meet the Immigration Challenge Ali Noorani All Souls Unitarian/Universalist Church: Why We Became a Sanctuary Church Rev. Nori Rost 4 Profiles Introduction Organizations Al Qaeda American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) American Conservative Union (ACU) American Immigration Control Foundation (AICF) American Immigration Law Foundation (AILF) American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) Americans for Prosperity Association of Patriotic Arab Americans in the Military (APAAM) Border Policy Research Institute (BPRI) Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Business Roundtable Catholic Legal Immigration Network Inc. (CLINIC) Center for American Progress (CAP) Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) Center for Migration Studies (CMS) Center for Privacy and Technology Policy (CPTP) Center for the Study of Hate Crimes and Extremism Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP) Congressional Research Service (CRS) Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Department of Justice (DOJ) Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) Free Congress Foundation (now American Opportunity Foundation) Freedom Works Government Accountability Office (GAO) Heritage Foundation Human Rights First National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) National Immigration Forum (NIF) National Immigration Law Center National Rifle Association (NRA) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Pew Hispanic Center (PHC) Rand Corporation United States Customs and Border Protection (USCBP) United We Dream Voto Latino People Bush George W. (1946- ) Carter James (Jimmy) Earl Jr. (1924) Chertoff Michael (1953- ) Clinton William Jefferson (1946- ) Conyers John (1929- ) Durbin Richard "Dick" (1944- ) Ferguson Bob (1965- ) Gonzales Alberto (1955- ) Goodlatte Bob (1952- ) Graham Lindsey (1955- ) Guitierrez Luis (1953- ) Hanen Andrew (1953- ) Hatch Orrin (1934- ) Herman Susan N. (na- ) Hetfield Mark (1967- ) Jackson-Lee Sheila (na- ) Jean-Pierre Karine (1977- ) Jimenez Cristina (na- ) Johnson Jeh (1957- ) Johnson Lyndon B. (1908-1973) Kelly John F. (1950- ) Kennedy Edward (1932-2009) Kerwin Don (na- ) Koch Charles (1935- ) Koch David (1940- ) Krikorian Mark (1961- ) Kumar Maria Teresa (1974- ) Levin Brian (na- ) Lieberman Joseph (1942- ) McCain John (1936-2018) McConnell Mitch (1942- ) Napolitano Janet (1957- ) Nielsen Kirstjen (1972- ) Obama Barack (1961- ) Reagan Ronald (1911-2004) Ridge Tom (1945- ) Schumer Charles E. (1950- ) Sensenbrenner James (1943- ) Sessions Jeff (1946- ) Suro Roberto (na- ) Tanden Neera (na- ) Trautman Laurie (na- ) Trump Donald J. (1946- ) Watson Derrick (1966- ) Yates Sally (1960- ) 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1: Legal Immigration to the United States 1964-2016 Table 5.2: Total Illegal Apprehensions by Fiscal Year 2000-2017 Compared to the Total Number of Border Patrol Agents Table 5.3: Customs and Border Protection Enforcement Actions 2016-2017 Table 5.4: Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth U.S. Census 2010 Table 5.5: Pew Research Center Immigration-Related Public Opinion Polling Data 2018 Figure 5.1: Total Southwest Border Apprehensions 2000-2017 Figure 5.2: Total Ice Removals 2015-2017 Figure 5.3: Unaccompanied Children Apprehended by the U.S. Border Patrol at the Southwest Border FY 2014 Figure 5.4: Refugee Admissions 1991-2016 and the Top States with Highest Percentage of Initial Resettlement Documents The Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986) The Immigrant Visa Process (2018) The Homeland Security Act (2002) The Border Security Economic Opportunity and Immigration Mobilization Act (2013) Report on ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (2017) Executive Order 13780: Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States (March 6 2017) Syllabus of Trump v. Hawaii (2018) 6 Resources Introduction Books Leading Scholarly Journals Films Videos 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
Preface 1 Background and History Introduction Forerunners to Current U.S. Legal Immigration Law The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 The 1980 Refugee Act The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 IMMACT 1990 The Terrorist Attacks of 9/11 and the American Response The USA Patriot Act Creating the Department of Homeland Security and Dissolving the INS Reform Actions Taken by the Obama Administration Deferred Action Immigration Reform Border Control Reform Actions of the Trump Administration The Travel Ban DACA Annulment Conclusion References 2 Problems Controversies and Solutions Introduction Groupthink in the Aftermath of 9/11 Management Problems of Immigration Policy Implementation Civil Liberties and Privacy versus Immigration Control Comprehensive Immigration Reform Gerrymandering and the Immigration Reform Deadlock Changes in Immigration Policy from the Obama to Trump Administrations The Travel Ban Controversy Business Needs versus Security Concerns in Visa Application Processing Adverse Economic Impact of Visa-Tightening Procedures The Impact of Federal State and Local Government Relations The Brain Drain Problem Immigration Concerns and Their Impact on Social Security Conclusion References 3 Perspectives Introduction Immigration Reform Legislation of 1987: Lessons from the Past Berkley Bedell with Kenneth Bedell Comprehensive Immigration Reform from the Conservative Perspective Chuck Larson Refugee Resettlement as Seen through the Eyes of a Volunteer ESL Teacher Marty Liddy True to Our Origins: The Democratic Party and Comprehensive Immigration Reform Ryan Macoubrie Immigration Reform Dysfunction: Why Reform Does Not Happen Tim Magrath How Communities Can Meet the Immigration Challenge Ali Noorani All Souls Unitarian/Universalist Church: Why We Became a Sanctuary Church Rev. Nori Rost 4 Profiles Introduction Organizations Al Qaeda American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) American Conservative Union (ACU) American Immigration Control Foundation (AICF) American Immigration Law Foundation (AILF) American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA) Americans for Prosperity Association of Patriotic Arab Americans in the Military (APAAM) Border Policy Research Institute (BPRI) Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Business Roundtable Catholic Legal Immigration Network Inc. (CLINIC) Center for American Progress (CAP) Center for Immigration Studies (CIS) Center for Migration Studies (CMS) Center for Privacy and Technology Policy (CPTP) Center for the Study of Hate Crimes and Extremism Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (CBPP) Congressional Research Service (CRS) Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Department of Justice (DOJ) Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) Free Congress Foundation (now American Opportunity Foundation) Freedom Works Government Accountability Office (GAO) Heritage Foundation Human Rights First National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) National Immigration Forum (NIF) National Immigration Law Center National Rifle Association (NRA) Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Pew Hispanic Center (PHC) Rand Corporation United States Customs and Border Protection (USCBP) United We Dream Voto Latino People Bush George W. (1946- ) Carter James (Jimmy) Earl Jr. (1924) Chertoff Michael (1953- ) Clinton William Jefferson (1946- ) Conyers John (1929- ) Durbin Richard "Dick" (1944- ) Ferguson Bob (1965- ) Gonzales Alberto (1955- ) Goodlatte Bob (1952- ) Graham Lindsey (1955- ) Guitierrez Luis (1953- ) Hanen Andrew (1953- ) Hatch Orrin (1934- ) Herman Susan N. (na- ) Hetfield Mark (1967- ) Jackson-Lee Sheila (na- ) Jean-Pierre Karine (1977- ) Jimenez Cristina (na- ) Johnson Jeh (1957- ) Johnson Lyndon B. (1908-1973) Kelly John F. (1950- ) Kennedy Edward (1932-2009) Kerwin Don (na- ) Koch Charles (1935- ) Koch David (1940- ) Krikorian Mark (1961- ) Kumar Maria Teresa (1974- ) Levin Brian (na- ) Lieberman Joseph (1942- ) McCain John (1936-2018) McConnell Mitch (1942- ) Napolitano Janet (1957- ) Nielsen Kirstjen (1972- ) Obama Barack (1961- ) Reagan Ronald (1911-2004) Ridge Tom (1945- ) Schumer Charles E. (1950- ) Sensenbrenner James (1943- ) Sessions Jeff (1946- ) Suro Roberto (na- ) Tanden Neera (na- ) Trautman Laurie (na- ) Trump Donald J. (1946- ) Watson Derrick (1966- ) Yates Sally (1960- ) 5 Data and Documents Introduction Data Table 5.1: Legal Immigration to the United States 1964-2016 Table 5.2: Total Illegal Apprehensions by Fiscal Year 2000-2017 Compared to the Total Number of Border Patrol Agents Table 5.3: Customs and Border Protection Enforcement Actions 2016-2017 Table 5.4: Foreign-Born Population by Region of Birth U.S. Census 2010 Table 5.5: Pew Research Center Immigration-Related Public Opinion Polling Data 2018 Figure 5.1: Total Southwest Border Apprehensions 2000-2017 Figure 5.2: Total Ice Removals 2015-2017 Figure 5.3: Unaccompanied Children Apprehended by the U.S. Border Patrol at the Southwest Border FY 2014 Figure 5.4: Refugee Admissions 1991-2016 and the Top States with Highest Percentage of Initial Resettlement Documents The Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986) The Immigrant Visa Process (2018) The Homeland Security Act (2002) The Border Security Economic Opportunity and Immigration Mobilization Act (2013) Report on ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (2017) Executive Order 13780: Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States (March 6 2017) Syllabus of Trump v. Hawaii (2018) 6 Resources Introduction Books Leading Scholarly Journals Films Videos 7 Chronology Glossary Index About the Author
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