The key component of sustainable development is resource use efficiency. In this book the practical aspects of the cost of cultivation aspects across the traditional and the On-Farm Demonstration (OFD) methods of paddy cultivation have been recorded in the Indian State of Karnataka where groundwater is the major source of irrigation. Data have been collected from the farmers following traditional method and the practices demonstrated by the Scientists in the On-Farm Demonstrations.The functional analysis shows that the farmers who followed the scientific method witnessed more yield by using lesser amount of resources when compared to the traditional methods of paddy cultivation. The demonstrations played a key role in creating awareness among those farmers who were not aware of scientific practices.The study has emphasized the need for extension scientists to create more demonstrations and educate the farmers in using the resources efficiently.The book would be of interest to students researchers & professionals in the area of agricultural and rural development.