The health of the younger generation is a sensitive indicator of changes taking place in the environment and society; therefore, in the current difficult period in Russia, which has aggravated most environmental and social problems, special importance is attached to studying children's health. Due to the urgency of this problem, a study of the impact of environmental and social factors on key child health indicators was conducted. The quantitative contribution of not only individual environmental and social factors, but also their combination to the formation of children's morbidity with various pathologies of infectious and non-infectious etiology has been determined. A methodology was developed to rank the territory by the degree of environmental and social tension. The book is intended for the widest audience: ecologists, doctors, sanitary doctors, geographers and specialists dealing with sustainable development, environmental protection and creation of favorable living and health conditions.