The study was examined the gender difference and its impact on agricultural productivity in Ababo Guduru district of Horo-Gudur wollega zone, located at 300 km from the capital city of the country Addis Ababa. The study was aimed to ( i ) assess the extent to which the agricultural production is gender oriented; (ii) examine access and control over productive resources; (iii) estimate men's and women's productivity in agriculture. Cross-sectional data were collected from a total of 140 respondents were used in this study whereby 65 were female headed and 75 were male headed households. The data were coded, organized and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). Descriptive statistics such as frequency, mean, percentage were used to summarize and compare the information between the two groups. Moreover, Cobb-Douglas (CD) production function was used to estimate the production function in agriculture for male and female headed households.