Human resources management is the art of managing people at work in organizations while taking into account the human element in the dynamism and performance of the company. The essential mission of this function is to ensure that the organization has the necessary staff for its operation and that the latter does its best to improve the performance of the company.The purpose of this thesis was to analyze and optimize the impact of human resources management on the performance of Congolese companies in order to make them more efficient thanks to the practices resulting from the pedagogical approach.We have exposed, in our theoretical framework, different approaches on which works are generally based to explain how HRM and these practices could strategically affect the performance of companies and in this same perspective have tried to find a correlation between HRM and the performance of Congolese companies through these theoretical currents of three approaches namely: universalist, contingent and configurational. This work outlines the contribution of a renewal of HRM in the management by its best practices.