Agriculture in general and crop production in particular plays a crucial role in Ethiopian economy. Moreover, cereal crops hold the largest share of crop production activities of farming households. Though a closer look at what is happening in these sectors and sub-sectors of the country has an important policy implication, studies that assess the impact of improved technologies like improved crop varieties on such outcomes of interest as productivity growth are not only few but also restricted to specific locations in the country. This book, therefore, provides the results of a comprehensive and comparable impact assessment of improved wheat varieties adoption on productivity growth of wheat at national, regional as well as agroecologic zonal level. Propensity score matching (PSM) technique was employed as it is an increasingly utilized standard approach for evaluating impacts using observational data of a single period. The assessment is expected to be useful for policy makers,development practitioners, academicians, researchers as well as students who have similar interest of undertaking further studies in the area.