This book delves into the transformative role of dental implants in oral and craniofacial reconstruction, highlighting their evolution from simple structures to sophisticated systems capable of supporting a range of dental prostheses. It emphasizes the critical influence of the material and surface properties of implants on the biological response of host tissues. The text explores ongoing advancements in implant technology, particularly in enhancing osseointegration and adapting implants for immediate placement and use in low-density bone. Manufacturers continually innovate the macro and microstructures of implants to meet the dynamic needs of modern dentistry, making the selection process for clinicians increasingly complex. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progression from historical to modern dental implant biomaterials, foreseeing their promising future in enhancing therapeutic outcomes.