The basic concern of management is how to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization in this ever changing environment, so that it is possible to ensure that resources are being utilized optimally. This is not a simple task to do! There is no one size fit all mechanism to ensure this. Employees Performance management is one workable tool that has a role from motivation to replacement. But, if it has not done in proper manner, it has devastative effect. This book tried to investigate a phenomenon happened in Ethiopia in relation to implementing result-based performance management in the education sector taking one district as a case. Wendosen Hailu Gebremichael