Is there a need for contractors to have cost and profit management systems if such businesses are privately owned with one or more directors with different cultures and beliefs in the running of a business? This case study investigated and compared if the use of cost and profit management systems by large construction firms results in their good performance and if the non-use of these systems results in the failure of small to medium construction firms. This introductory section presents the background to the study. It includes the problem statement, aim of the study, the specific objectives as well as the significance of the study. The study focused on the implementation of cost and profit management systems by small, medium and large construction firms in Swaziland with the aim of evaluating if these systems are effective in the performance and sustainability of the construction firms. Failure to implement such systems also seems to have a direct impact in project execution which in turn the end user client suffers non-delivery, poor quality work or delayed project execution which is a cause on concern.