Although some progress has been made in the implementation of universal primary education in Uganda, there are still several challenges including the quality of education, financing the program and parental involvement. This book gives a brief history of education in Uganda and highlights the crucial challenges that must be addressed if the universal primary education (UPE) program is to bear the desired fruits. The interviews and observations conducted by the author of this book in some primary schools show the major role of the head teachers who are the major links between the school and the other shareholders. The book offers some suggestions that will help the UPE program and other future education policies in Uganda and other countries to succeed.