This book embodies investigation related to the development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensors for the ultratrace-level detection of certain disease biomarkers viz; ascorbic acid (AA), for hemorrhagic syndrome, stomatologic signs, arthritis, myalgia, anorexia, depression, and shaken baby syndromes consequent upon hypovitaminosis C; dopamine (DA) for neurological disorder, histidine (his, D-and L- form) for histedinemia, uracil (ura) required for biosynthesis of enzyme, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as anti-tumor, anti-viral, and anti-neoplastic agent, and C-reactive protein (CRP) for the diagnosis of infection and inflammation. In the course of sensor development, structure characterization of MIP-template complex, MIP/control polymers and surface morphology of modified electrode were thoroughly explored to get an insight of biomolecular recognition in real samples.