Poor governance is a primary contributor to most of the problems which bedevilling Africa today. In the arid and semi-arid lands of Kenya, poor governance systems have undermined community-based institutions and resulted in poverty, the weakening of social structures and a lack of social capital development. Turkana County in particular, continues to experience these challenges that have impeded significant development. This study draws on the experiences of pastoralists living in the Turkana County of North-West Kenya, an area with a long history of food and social insecurity. Although the expectation of good governance leading to improved livelihoods in Turkana is one that could be readily anticipated, it has actually not been well foreseen. The aim of this study is to contribute to filling this gap. The overarching purpose of the study is therefore to provide an in-depth description of the improvement of Turkana pastoralists' livelihood strategies from the perspective of good governance and, in doing so, to explore and explain other livelihood options that can be relied upon to alleviate poverty.