Based on the fact that mandibular fractures are the most frequent in facial traumatology, being the reason for numerous consultations in Emergency Departments. We wondered whether fractures of the lower jaw are a health problem we should be concerned about, so we set ourselves the objective of describing the incidence of fractures of the lower jaw. In order to achieve this objective, a cross-sectional descriptive study was designed and carried out at the Saturnino Lora Provincial Hospital between January and December 2013. The working universe consisted of 27 patients, which included fractures of the lower jaw associated with other fractures of the maxillofacial complex, and the sample consisted of 20 patients who suffered pure fractures of the lower jaw for one reason or another. The Clinical Histories of the patients were reviewed where the data of interest were compiled and grouped in tables for their better study. It was observed that there is a higher incidence of fractures of the lower jaw in males.