Zaire, and more recently the Democratic Republic of Congo, have witnessed decisions taken without any evidence and without any impact on the daily lives of the Congolese, despite economic growth rates approaching double figures. The Democratic Republic of Congo has seen two types of development plan over the last five decades: national plans and humanitarian plans pushed by bi- and multi-lateral donors. The national plans include the Mobutu plan and the five building sites. This book is an extract from the doctoral thesis of Mr Olivier Mumbere Muhongya. As a senior expert in project planning, monitoring and evaluation for nearly eighteen years, Dr Olivier has witnessed enormous changes in his country, the biggest shortcoming of which is the lack of a coordinated M&E framework.