This research has demonstrated that communities are aware of heritage resources, they attach values to them and utilize them both at individual and community level. Besides the cultural values attached to heritage resources, the communities have cultural values manifested across the landscapes that harbour heritage resources, and these are evidence of the human-environment relationships that may offer insight to understanding of the human past. This study potentially contributes towards sustainable environmental decision-making process for a country like Botswana with a developing economy that threatens the natural and cultural landscapes, and may lead to cultural degradation and the erosion of traditional knowledge systems that are fundamental to binding societies together.