Scientific provision and practical implementation of tasks in the field of habitat protection are important not only for the present, but also for future generations. Protection of the habitat is a complex problem that has various aspects. One of them is related to the protection of the genefund, the importance of which became urgent in connection with the disappearance of species of natural flora and fauna, the irrevocable loss of their gene pool. However, the protection of the genefund is not limited to this problem. The present book summarizes the available scientific information and the results of the authors' own research in the field of developing scientific foundations and practical ways of protecting genetic structures from the effects of various genotoxicants. Also, in this book, we present the results of studying the protective properties of persimmon extracts of the Caucasian (Diosporus lotus L.) when modifying the mutagenic action of N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and benz-a-pyrene (BP). Depending on specific tasks, the directions of practical use of biocomplexes may be different and cover a wide range of possibilities for their application.