This book is based on Dissertation submitted by the author in Santosh Dental College and Hospitals affiliated by Santosh University, Ghaziabad in the year 2013, as a part of the academic curriculum. This is an attempt to scrutinize plant derived extracts as a natural alternative against Streptococcus mutans in lieu of synthetic mouthwashes and gels like Chlorhexidine, accompanying various side effects including the risk of ingestion in very small children, relied upon by the whole dental fraternity since ages. The figment of the derivation of antimicrobial compounds from plants seems lucrative as it will lead to the development of a phytomedicine to act against microbes in addition is much more safe, feasible and economical option. Plant based antimicrobials have enormous therapeutic potential as they can serve the purpose without any adverse effects that are often associated with synthetic compounds; hence isolation and purification of phytoconstituents from these plants may yield significant novel antimicrobials.