Introduction to Informal language learning: Expanding the English learning horizons beyond the classroom — What is informal learning? — Informal language learning: The importance of exposure to English input — Out- of- school English- related practices and their influence on language learning (i): Television (TV) programmes, series and films, video games, and music — Out- of- school English related practices and their influence on language learning (ii): Reading, writing, and speaking — Variables in informal language learning: Motivation, engagement, and affective variables — The pedagogy of informal language learning — Conclusion