The North belongs to those regions that are in particular need of continuous and comprehensive study from different angles, including the ecological and historical ones. The historical experience, both positive and negative, of human use of natural resources in the north of Western Siberia is useful and necessary, as it can be used in resolving many new and inevitable conflicts between nature and man in this region.The monograph is the first in Russian historiography to provide a comprehensive, interdisciplinary analysis of human-nature interaction in the Ob-Irtysh North in 1917 - 1930. The deep historical roots of the ecological problems of the Siberian North are revealed. The geographical image of the region formed among specialists in the 1920s, whose scientific and professional activity was connected with the North. The regional system of nature management is described. The system analysis of the conditions, aims and results of the ecological policy at the Ob-Irtysh North in 1917-1930 is carried out. The monograph is intended for historians, geographers, ecologists, all those interested in the problems of environmental protection.