Interactional expertise is part of a more complex classification of expertise developed by Harry Collins and Robert Evans (both based at Cardiff University) and first published in Social Studies of Science in June 2002 (Collins and Evans 2002). In this initial formulation interactional expertise was part of a threefold classification of substantive expertise that also included no expertise and contributory expertise , by which they meant the expertise needed to contribute fully to all aspects of a domain of activity. The distinction between these three different types of expertise can be illustrated by imagining the experience of a social science researcher approaching a topic for the first time. It is easy to see that, whether the research project is to be about plumbing or physics, most researchers will start from a position of no expertise in that area. As the research project proceeds and the social interactions between the researcher and the plumbers or physicists continue, the social researcher will become increasingly knowledgeable about that topic.
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