The monograph gives a comparative evaluation of using interpolymer complexes in medicine, water economy and agriculture. Methods of preparation, physicochemical, mechanical properties and their structures are shown and the possibility of using interpolymer complexes as new materials for the formation of artificial blood vessels, biocompatible materials; thrombus resistance, as well as the relationship between the waterproof macrostructure and the functional properties that determine the productive capacity, corticity, soil erodibility; saving irrigation water. An original and promising way of using interpolymer complexes in medicine, water and agriculture for the rational use of water resources and protection of soils and the environment is proposed. It can be used for chemists, physicists, pharmacists, physicians, soil scientists, meliorators, graduate students, researchers and students of higher educational institutions.