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The field of agricultural science which uses different scientific tools and techniques for modifying plants, animals and microorganisms is called agricultural biotechnology. Genetic engineering, molecular diagnostics, vaccines, molecular markers and vaccines are the techniques used in agricultural biotechnology. In crop biotechnology, desired traits are exported from a particular crops species to a different species. Biotechnology in agriculture offers tools for better understanding of crops and to improve their genetic resource management. It studies genes and manipulates their characteristics to increase productivity and achieve better resistance to diseases and insects. This field is used for improving crop's nutritional content. Crop modification techniques used are traditional breeding, polyploidy, mutagenesis, genome editing, protoplast fusion and transgenics. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to agricultural biotechnology. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. This textbook aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.