Provides students in public health and health education with the fundamentals of all five core areas of community and public health This introductory textbook covers the foundations of community and public health, providing knowledge based on models, methods, and theories of health education, health promotion, and related disciplines. It also helps students prepare for public health certifications, including Certified in Public Health (CPH), Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES), and Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES). Introduction to Community and Public Health,…mehr
Provides students in public health and health education with the fundamentals of all five core areas of community and public health This introductory textbook covers the foundations of community and public health, providing knowledge based on models, methods, and theories of health education, health promotion, and related disciplines. It also helps students prepare for public health certifications, including Certified in Public Health (CPH), Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES), and Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES). Introduction to Community and Public Health, Second Edition introduces readers to the five core areas of community and public health-epidemiology, biostatistics, social and behavioral sciences, environmental health, and health policy and management--as identified by the Association of Schools of Public Health. It discusses concerns about population dynamics and control, and environmental issues such as air, water, and noise pollution. It also features entirely new sections on genetic diseases; school health programs; community mental health; alcohol, tobacco and other drugs; and designing population-based public health programs for maternal and child health, adolescent health, the care of adults, and racial and ethnic minorities. Information on non-governmental organizations in the United States and the latest developments regarding the US health care system are given. In addition, this new edition provides expanded coverage of infectious disease epidemiology, chronic disease epidemiology, and newer theories. * Provides comprehensive coverage of the essentials of community and public health * Assists students seeking Certified in Public Health (CPH), Certified Health Education Specialist (CHES), and Master Certified Health Education Specialist (MCHES) certification * Includes student-friendly pedagogical features in each chapter, such as chapter objectives, a chapter summary, definitions of key terms, review questions, and websites to explore * Offers skill-building activities, Focus Features, case studies, and more Introduction to Community and Public Health, Second Edition is a comprehensive learning resource that will inspire students to pursue and excel in public health careers. It will also be of great benefit to those prepping for a variety of important public health certifications.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
MANOJ SHARMA, MBBS, MCHES, PHD, is a professor at the Jackson State University's MPH and Dr. PH programs in Behavioral Health Promotion & Education. PAUL W. BRANSCUM, PHD, RD, is an associate professor in the Department of Kinesiology & Health at Miami University, in Oxford.
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Figures and Tables xi Preface xvii About the Companion Website xxi The Authors xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Community and Public Health 1 Defining Community and Public Health 1 Basic Terms in Community and Public Health 4 Issues in Community and Public Health 7 Factors Affecting Community and Public Health 9 Community and Public Health Organizations 13 Historical Timeline for Community and Public Health 16 Current Challenges in Community and Public Health 25 Summary 29 Key Terms 30 Review Questions 30 Skill-Building Activity # 1 31 Skill-Building Activity # 2 31 Websites to Explore 31 References 33 Chapter 2 Descriptive Epidemiology in Community and Public Health 37 Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Epidemiology 37 Descriptive Epidemiology and Analytical Epidemiology 39 Contributions of Epidemiology 39 Uses and Functions of Epidemiology 41 Agent, Host, and Environment 42 Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 44 Summary 60 Key Terms 60 Review Questions 61 Skill Building Activity #1 61 Skill Building Activity #2 61 Websites to Explore 62 References 63 Chapter 3 Analytical Epidemiology in Community Public Health 67 Types of Analytical Epidemiological Studies 67 Association and Causation 76 Infectious Disease Epidemiology 79 Chronic Disease Epidemiology 82 Selected Lifestyle Risk Factors 84 Summary 88 Key Terms 89 Review Questions 90 Skill Building Activity #1 90 Skill Building Activity #2 90 Websites to Explore 90 References 91 Chapter 4 Descriptive Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 97 Basic Terms in Biostatistics 97 Frequency Distribution 100 Measures of Central Tendency 101 Measures of Dispersion 103 Graphing Methods in Biostatistics 103 Positively Skewed and Negatively Skewed Distributions 104 Summary 108 Key Terms 108 Review Questions 109 Skill Building Activity #1 109 Skill Building Activity #2 109 Websites to Explore 109 References 111 Chapter 5 Inferential Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 113 Estimation 113 Hypothesis Testing 114 Testing Differences between Two Group Means 117 Nonparametric Tests for Testing Differences between Two Groups 119 Testing Differences between Three or More Groups 120 Nonparametric Counterparts of ANOVA 124 Testing Differences in Proportions 124 Testing Associations between Two or More Variables 126 Summary 129 Key Terms 130 Review Questions 130 Skill Building Activity #1 131 Skill Building Activity #2 131 Websites to Explore 131 References 132 Chapter 6 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Community and Public Health 135 Reasons for Studying Social and Behavioral Sciences 135 Examples from Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity, and HIV/AIDS 141 Community Organization and Community Building 145 School Health Programs 150 Community Mental Health 151 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs 153 Summary 155 Key Terms 156 Review Questions 156 Skill Building Activity #1 157 Skill Building Activity #2 157 Websites to Explore 157 References 158 Chapter 7 Models in Health Education and Health Promotion 163 Planning Health Education and Health Promotion Interventions 163 PRECEDE PROCEED 164 PATCH 171 MATCH 173 Intervention Mapping 177 APEXPH 179 PEN 3 180 Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) 183 Summary 187 Key Terms 188 Review Questions 188 Skill Building Activity #1 189 Skill Building Activity #2 189 Websites to Explore 189 References 190 Chapter 8 Theories in Health Education and Health Promotion 193 Using Theories and Models 193 Health Belief Model 194 Transtheoretical Model 197 Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model, and Reasoned Action Approach 201 Social Cognitive Theory 206 Multi Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change 208 COM B Model 210 Social Marketing 210 Diffusion of Innovations Theory 212 Summary 216 Key Terms 217 Review Questions 218 Skill Building Activity #1 218 Skill Building Activity #2 218 Websites to Explore 218 References 219 Chapter 9 Methods in Health Education and Health Promotion 225 Methods of Teaching and Learning 225 Cognitive Methods in Health Education 228 Affective Methods in Health Education 230 Environmental Methods in Health Promotion 236 Summary 240 Key Terms 240 Review Questions 241 Skill Building Activity #1 241 Skill Building Activity #2 241 Websites to Explore 242 References 242 Chapter 10 Population Dynamics and Control 245 Demographic Cycle 245 World Population Trends 246 World Population Stabilization or Decline Post Peak 250 Designing Population Based Public Health Programs for Different Subsections in the Community 258 Summary 261 Key Terms 262 Review Questions 263 Skill Building Activity #1 263 Skill Building Activity #2 263 Websites to Explore 264 References 265 Chapter 11 Air, Water, and Noise Pollution 269 Air Pollution 269 Water Pollution 275 Noise Pollution279 Solid Waste Management 282 Climate Change and Global Warming 284 Summary 288 Key Terms 289 Review Questions 289 Skill Building Activity #1 290 Skill Building Activity #2 290 Websites to Explore 290 References 291 Chapter 12 Injury Control and Other Environmental Issues 293 Unintentional Injuries 293 Intentional Injuries 297 Pests and Pesticides 300 Radiation 304 Disaster Management 306 Occupational Safety and Health 308 Summary 314 Key Terms 315 Review Questions 315 Skill Building Activity #1 316 Skill Building Activity #2 316 Websites to Explore 316 References 317 Chapter 13 Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Services and Public Health Systems in the United States 321 Understanding the Structure and Functioning of the US Health Care System 321 Organization of US Health Care 322 The Uninsured Population 325 Lack of Insurance and Access to Health Care Services 327 Financing Health Systems 328 US Health Care in the International Context 329 Utilization Trends 331 Private Health Insurance and Managed Care 332 Cost Containment Initiatives 333 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 335 Organization of Public Health in the United States 338 Summary 342 Key Terms 343 Review Questions 344 Skill Building Activity #1 344 Skill Building Activity #2 345 Websites to Explore 345 References 346 Chapter 14 Program Planning, Budgeting, Management, and Evaluation in Community Initiatives 349 Planning Public Health Programs 349 Preparing Budgets for Public Health Programs 354 Administration and Management of Public Health Programs 359 Evaluation of Public Health Programs 363 Summary 368 Key Terms 369 Review Questions 369 Skill Building Activity #1 370 Skill Building Activity #2 370 Websites to Explore 370 References 371 Chapter 15 Systems Thinking and Leadership in Community and Public Health 375 Systems Thinking: The Approach 375 Basics of Leadership 379 Leadership Styles 381 Leadership in Health Care 382 NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 383 Cultural Competence 385 Summary 391 Key Terms 393 Review Questions 393 Skill Building Activity #1 393 Skill Building Activity #2 394 Websites to Explore 394 References 395 Glossary 399 Index 429
Figures and Tables xi Preface xvii About the Companion Website xxi The Authors xxiii Chapter 1 Introduction to Community and Public Health 1 Defining Community and Public Health 1 Basic Terms in Community and Public Health 4 Issues in Community and Public Health 7 Factors Affecting Community and Public Health 9 Community and Public Health Organizations 13 Historical Timeline for Community and Public Health 16 Current Challenges in Community and Public Health 25 Summary 29 Key Terms 30 Review Questions 30 Skill-Building Activity # 1 31 Skill-Building Activity # 2 31 Websites to Explore 31 References 33 Chapter 2 Descriptive Epidemiology in Community and Public Health 37 Definition, Scope, and Evolution of Epidemiology 37 Descriptive Epidemiology and Analytical Epidemiology 39 Contributions of Epidemiology 39 Uses and Functions of Epidemiology 41 Agent, Host, and Environment 42 Rates, Ratios, Proportions, and Percentages 44 Summary 60 Key Terms 60 Review Questions 61 Skill Building Activity #1 61 Skill Building Activity #2 61 Websites to Explore 62 References 63 Chapter 3 Analytical Epidemiology in Community Public Health 67 Types of Analytical Epidemiological Studies 67 Association and Causation 76 Infectious Disease Epidemiology 79 Chronic Disease Epidemiology 82 Selected Lifestyle Risk Factors 84 Summary 88 Key Terms 89 Review Questions 90 Skill Building Activity #1 90 Skill Building Activity #2 90 Websites to Explore 90 References 91 Chapter 4 Descriptive Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 97 Basic Terms in Biostatistics 97 Frequency Distribution 100 Measures of Central Tendency 101 Measures of Dispersion 103 Graphing Methods in Biostatistics 103 Positively Skewed and Negatively Skewed Distributions 104 Summary 108 Key Terms 108 Review Questions 109 Skill Building Activity #1 109 Skill Building Activity #2 109 Websites to Explore 109 References 111 Chapter 5 Inferential Biostatistics in Community and Public Health 113 Estimation 113 Hypothesis Testing 114 Testing Differences between Two Group Means 117 Nonparametric Tests for Testing Differences between Two Groups 119 Testing Differences between Three or More Groups 120 Nonparametric Counterparts of ANOVA 124 Testing Differences in Proportions 124 Testing Associations between Two or More Variables 126 Summary 129 Key Terms 130 Review Questions 130 Skill Building Activity #1 131 Skill Building Activity #2 131 Websites to Explore 131 References 132 Chapter 6 Social and Behavioral Sciences in Community and Public Health 135 Reasons for Studying Social and Behavioral Sciences 135 Examples from Cardiovascular Disease, Obesity, and HIV/AIDS 141 Community Organization and Community Building 145 School Health Programs 150 Community Mental Health 151 Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs 153 Summary 155 Key Terms 156 Review Questions 156 Skill Building Activity #1 157 Skill Building Activity #2 157 Websites to Explore 157 References 158 Chapter 7 Models in Health Education and Health Promotion 163 Planning Health Education and Health Promotion Interventions 163 PRECEDE PROCEED 164 PATCH 171 MATCH 173 Intervention Mapping 177 APEXPH 179 PEN 3 180 Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) 183 Summary 187 Key Terms 188 Review Questions 188 Skill Building Activity #1 189 Skill Building Activity #2 189 Websites to Explore 189 References 190 Chapter 8 Theories in Health Education and Health Promotion 193 Using Theories and Models 193 Health Belief Model 194 Transtheoretical Model 197 Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, Integrative Model, and Reasoned Action Approach 201 Social Cognitive Theory 206 Multi Theory Model (MTM) for Health Behavior Change 208 COM B Model 210 Social Marketing 210 Diffusion of Innovations Theory 212 Summary 216 Key Terms 217 Review Questions 218 Skill Building Activity #1 218 Skill Building Activity #2 218 Websites to Explore 218 References 219 Chapter 9 Methods in Health Education and Health Promotion 225 Methods of Teaching and Learning 225 Cognitive Methods in Health Education 228 Affective Methods in Health Education 230 Environmental Methods in Health Promotion 236 Summary 240 Key Terms 240 Review Questions 241 Skill Building Activity #1 241 Skill Building Activity #2 241 Websites to Explore 242 References 242 Chapter 10 Population Dynamics and Control 245 Demographic Cycle 245 World Population Trends 246 World Population Stabilization or Decline Post Peak 250 Designing Population Based Public Health Programs for Different Subsections in the Community 258 Summary 261 Key Terms 262 Review Questions 263 Skill Building Activity #1 263 Skill Building Activity #2 263 Websites to Explore 264 References 265 Chapter 11 Air, Water, and Noise Pollution 269 Air Pollution 269 Water Pollution 275 Noise Pollution279 Solid Waste Management 282 Climate Change and Global Warming 284 Summary 288 Key Terms 289 Review Questions 289 Skill Building Activity #1 290 Skill Building Activity #2 290 Websites to Explore 290 References 291 Chapter 12 Injury Control and Other Environmental Issues 293 Unintentional Injuries 293 Intentional Injuries 297 Pests and Pesticides 300 Radiation 304 Disaster Management 306 Occupational Safety and Health 308 Summary 314 Key Terms 315 Review Questions 315 Skill Building Activity #1 316 Skill Building Activity #2 316 Websites to Explore 316 References 317 Chapter 13 Organization, Financing, and Delivery of Health Services and Public Health Systems in the United States 321 Understanding the Structure and Functioning of the US Health Care System 321 Organization of US Health Care 322 The Uninsured Population 325 Lack of Insurance and Access to Health Care Services 327 Financing Health Systems 328 US Health Care in the International Context 329 Utilization Trends 331 Private Health Insurance and Managed Care 332 Cost Containment Initiatives 333 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 335 Organization of Public Health in the United States 338 Summary 342 Key Terms 343 Review Questions 344 Skill Building Activity #1 344 Skill Building Activity #2 345 Websites to Explore 345 References 346 Chapter 14 Program Planning, Budgeting, Management, and Evaluation in Community Initiatives 349 Planning Public Health Programs 349 Preparing Budgets for Public Health Programs 354 Administration and Management of Public Health Programs 359 Evaluation of Public Health Programs 363 Summary 368 Key Terms 369 Review Questions 369 Skill Building Activity #1 370 Skill Building Activity #2 370 Websites to Explore 370 References 371 Chapter 15 Systems Thinking and Leadership in Community and Public Health 375 Systems Thinking: The Approach 375 Basics of Leadership 379 Leadership Styles 381 Leadership in Health Care 382 NCHL Health Leadership Competency Model 383 Cultural Competence 385 Summary 391 Key Terms 393 Review Questions 393 Skill Building Activity #1 393 Skill Building Activity #2 394 Websites to Explore 394 References 395 Glossary 399 Index 429
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