This book chapter is about the fuel cell technology. It is the kind of technology which converts chemical energy to electrical energy without any pollution with highest efficiency compared to other energy sources. This chapter describes the types of fuel cell based on its electrolyte type in detail. The detail about the basic of the the fuel cell components and its history is given in this book. The nano structured electrode and electrolyte materials are in advance demand by worldwide scientist through which it helps to improve its physical, chemical and electrical properties.This is an alternative best source of energy in near future.