Introduction to Health Promotion
Herausgeber: Snelling, Anastasia M
Introduction to Health Promotion
Herausgeber: Snelling, Anastasia M
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A uniquely in-depth examination of individual health behaviors and the forces that can change them for the better Introduction to Health Promotion, Second Edition equips future health promoters with the knowledge they need to empower people to make healthy choices. This thorough and thoughtful textbook introduces the framework of health promotion, defining key terms, models, and trends in the field. It also goes well beyond these essentials, exploring, in concrete terms, the actions that promote health and prevent disease--and how these have evolved over time. Further, students will examine…mehr
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A uniquely in-depth examination of individual health behaviors and the forces that can change them for the better Introduction to Health Promotion, Second Edition equips future health promoters with the knowledge they need to empower people to make healthy choices. This thorough and thoughtful textbook introduces the framework of health promotion, defining key terms, models, and trends in the field. It also goes well beyond these essentials, exploring, in concrete terms, the actions that promote health and prevent disease--and how these have evolved over time. Further, students will examine current efforts at the state and federal levels to promote healthful living, as well as future trends in the field. This book also includes a valuable discussion of job opportunities available in the profession and certifications that enhance career readiness. This updated Second Edition has been revised to reflect the current state of health promotion and the recent changes to our environment and society that have affected health and disease. It retains the features that have made it a leading text in the field, including chapter summaries, key terms, questions and activities, and online supplemental materials. Focusing on the United States but applicable globally, Introduction to Health Promotion, Second Edition provides a crucial foundation of knowledge for the health promotion professional.
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Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W394155960
- 2 ed
- Seitenzahl: 368
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. November 2023
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 250mm x 198mm x 24mm
- Gewicht: 816g
- ISBN-13: 9781394155965
- ISBN-10: 1394155964
- Artikelnr.: 67741818
- Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc
- Artikelnr. des Verlages: 1W394155960
- 2 ed
- Seitenzahl: 368
- Erscheinungstermin: 21. November 2023
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 250mm x 198mm x 24mm
- Gewicht: 816g
- ISBN-13: 9781394155965
- ISBN-10: 1394155964
- Artikelnr.: 67741818
Dr. Anastasia Snelling is a professor and Chair of the Department of Health Studies at American University. She directs the Healthy Schools, Healthy Communities Lab where her research focuses on different methods of behavior change in nutrition education to manage risk factors related to chronic disease including improving access, establishing policies, and implementing programs. These projects are done primarily in under-resourced communities using a health equity lens to address health outcomes.
Tables and Figures xv Foreword xix Preface to First Edition xxi Preface to
Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The
Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1
Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief
Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19
Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10
Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health
Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13
Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion
Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key
Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2
Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of
Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social
Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health
Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38
Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41
References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling
Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49
Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51
Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning
Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through
Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior
Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review
Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors
61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and
Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer
67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and
Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm
Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral
Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political
and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing
Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent
Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local
Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People
2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of
Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives
87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89
Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property
of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review
Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating
Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto
Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103
Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105
Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107
Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy
Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of
Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and
Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3:
Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable
Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to
the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where
Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm
Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent
Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State
Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122
Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the
Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student
Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors:
Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical
Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical
Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141
Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity
Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment
144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods
145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical
Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support
146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace
Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152
Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153
State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local
Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and
Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails
161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163
Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165
Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The
Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress
Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175
Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178
Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184
Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186
COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management
with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among
Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World
192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195
Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services:
Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of
Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of
Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203
History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member
Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits
and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207
Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209
Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other
Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212
Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral
Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive
Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research
Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216
Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three
Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to
Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski
Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation
Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit
Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249
Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250
Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253
Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255
Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256
Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257
Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity
258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools
259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's
Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health
Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health
262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and
Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical
Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership
265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee
Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and
Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers
269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270
The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal
Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions
273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health
Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277
Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278
American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations
279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity
281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health
Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health
Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition
Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications
290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293
References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt
Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296
Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will
Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical
Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs
Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend
#5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority
300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical
Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8:
Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables,
Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The
Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary
307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321
Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The
Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1
Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief
Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19
Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10
Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health
Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13
Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion
Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key
Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2
Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of
Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social
Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health
Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38
Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41
References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling
Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49
Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51
Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning
Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through
Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior
Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review
Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors
61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and
Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer
67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and
Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm
Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral
Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political
and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing
Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent
Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local
Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People
2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of
Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives
87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89
Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property
of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review
Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating
Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto
Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103
Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105
Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107
Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy
Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of
Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and
Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3:
Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable
Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to
the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where
Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm
Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent
Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State
Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122
Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the
Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student
Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors:
Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical
Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical
Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141
Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity
Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment
144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods
145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical
Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support
146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace
Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152
Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153
State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local
Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and
Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails
161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163
Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165
Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The
Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress
Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175
Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178
Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184
Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186
COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management
with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among
Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World
192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195
Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services:
Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of
Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of
Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203
History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member
Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits
and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207
Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209
Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other
Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212
Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral
Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive
Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research
Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216
Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three
Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to
Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski
Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation
Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit
Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249
Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250
Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253
Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255
Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256
Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257
Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity
258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools
259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's
Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health
Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health
262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and
Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical
Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership
265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee
Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and
Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers
269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270
The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal
Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions
273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health
Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277
Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278
American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations
279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity
281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health
Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health
Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition
Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications
290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293
References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt
Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296
Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will
Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical
Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs
Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend
#5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority
300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical
Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8:
Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables,
Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The
Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary
307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321
Tables and Figures xv Foreword xix Preface to First Edition xxi Preface to
Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The
Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1
Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief
Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19
Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10
Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health
Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13
Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion
Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key
Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2
Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of
Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social
Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health
Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38
Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41
References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling
Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49
Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51
Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning
Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through
Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior
Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review
Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors
61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and
Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer
67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and
Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm
Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral
Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political
and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing
Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent
Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local
Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People
2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of
Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives
87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89
Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property
of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review
Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating
Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto
Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103
Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105
Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107
Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy
Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of
Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and
Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3:
Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable
Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to
the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where
Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm
Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent
Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State
Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122
Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the
Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student
Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors:
Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical
Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical
Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141
Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity
Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment
144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods
145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical
Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support
146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace
Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152
Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153
State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local
Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and
Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails
161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163
Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165
Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The
Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress
Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175
Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178
Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184
Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186
COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management
with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among
Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World
192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195
Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services:
Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of
Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of
Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203
History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member
Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits
and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207
Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209
Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other
Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212
Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral
Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive
Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research
Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216
Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three
Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to
Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski
Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation
Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit
Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249
Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250
Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253
Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255
Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256
Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257
Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity
258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools
259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's
Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health
Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health
262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and
Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical
Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership
265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee
Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and
Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers
269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270
The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal
Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions
273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health
Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277
Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278
American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations
279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity
281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health
Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health
Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition
Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications
290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293
References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt
Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296
Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will
Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical
Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs
Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend
#5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority
300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical
Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8:
Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables,
Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The
Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary
307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321
Second Edition xxvii The Editor xxix The Contributors xxxi About The
Companion Website xxxv Part One: The Foundation of Health Promotion 1
Chapter 1 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 3 Anastasia Snelling Brief
Overview of Health from 1900-2020 3 1900-1950s 3 1960s-2020s 5 COVID-19
Pandemic 8 Health Promotion: An Expanding Field 9 Health Education 10
Public Health 10 Social Determinants of Health 11 Important Health
Promotion Concepts 13 Risk Factors, Chronic Diseases, and Empowerment 13
Prevention Activities: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary 14 Health Promotion
Meets the Health Care System 15 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
16 Discussion 17 Positions in the Health Promotion Field 17 Summary 18 Key
Terms 18 Review Questions 19 Student Activities 20 References 20 Chapter 2
Health Behavior Change Theories and Models: Understanding the Process of
Behavior Change 23 Maura Stevenson Health Behavior Theories 24 Social
Cognitive Theory 24 Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change 28 Health
Belief Model 32 Theory of Planned Behavior 34 Historical Perspective 38
Summary 38 Key Terms 40 Review Questions 41 Student Activities 41
References 41 Chapter 3 Program Planning Models 43 Anastasia Snelling
Effective Health Promotion Planning 43 Social-ecological Model 44
PRECEDE-PROCEED Model 45 Multilevel Approach to Community Health (MATCH) 49
Consumer-based Planning Models for Health Communication 49 CDCynergy 51
Making Health Communication Programs Work 53 Health Promotion Planning
Model for Community-Level Programs 53 Mobilizing for Action through
Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) 55 MAP-IT 56 Connecting Health Behavior
Theories to Program Planning Models 56 Summary 57 Key Terms 57 Review
Questions 58 Student Activities 58 References 58 Part Two: Health Behaviors
61 Chapter 4 Tobacco Use: Trends, Health Consequences, Cessation, and
Policies 63 Laurie DiRosa Tobacco Use 64 Tobacco Use Statistics 64 Cancer
67 Cardiovascular Disease 69 Pulmonary Disease 69 Reproductive and
Developmental Effects 70 Smokeless Tobacco and Chronic Disease 71 Harm
Reduction 73 Cancer 73 Cardiovascular Disease 73 Pregnancy 74 Oral
Complications 74 Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Chronic Disease 74 Political
and Cultural History of Tobacco Use 76 Warning Labels 76 Purchasing
Restrictions 77 Taxation 77 1998 Master Settlement Agreement 78 Recent
Efforts to Reduce Tobacco Use 78 National Policy 79 State Policy 82 Local
Policy 83 Effective Programs That Discourage Tobacco Use 83 Healthy People
2030 83 Population-based Strategies 85 Effective Examples of
Population-based Strategies 85 Practical Examples of Worksite Initiatives
87 School Initiatives 88 Practical Examples of School Initiatives 89
Challenges to Reducing Smoking 91 Access to Treatment 91 Addictive Property
of Nicotine 92 Tobacco Industry Practices 93 Summary 93 Key Terms 93 Review
Questions 95 Student Activities 95 References 96 Chapter 5 Eating
Behaviors: Food Choices, Trends, Programs, and Policies 101 Maya Maroto
Eating Behaviors 102 Taste 102 Emotions 103 Price 103 Convenience 103
Health and Nutrition 104 Culture and Familiarity 105 Environment 105
Marketing 105 Nutrition, Eating Habits, and Health 106 Heart Disease 107
Cancer 107 Stroke 108 Type 2 Diabetes 108 Obesity 109 Selected Healthy
Eating Patterns 109 Recommended Nutrition and Dietary Intake 110 History of
Nutrition and Dietary Patterns 111 Pattern 1: Paleolithic and
Hunter-gatherers 112 Pattern 2: Advent of Agriculture 113 Pattern 3:
Industrialization and Receding Famine 113 Pattern 4: Noncommunicable
Disease 113 Pattern 5: Desired Societal and Behavior Change 114 Changes to
the American Food Environment 114 Food Supply and Consumption 114 Where
Americans Eat 117 The Food Industry: Friend, Foe, or Both? 118 Farm
Subsidies: The Culprit? 119 Portion Sizes: Bigger but Not Better 119 Recent
Efforts to Promote Healthy Eating 119 National Policy Actions 120 State
Policy Actions 121 Local Policy Actions 121 Community Nutrition Efforts 122
Worksite Wellness 122 School Food Environments 123 Programs for the
Individual 123 Summary 124 Key Terms 124 Review Questions 126 Student
Activities 126 References 127 Chapter 6 Physical Activity Behaviors:
Benefits, Trends, Programs, and Policies 135 Jennifer Childress Physical
Activity 136 Recommended Physical Activity Levels 136 Benefits of Physical
Activity 137 Sedentary Behavior 140 What is Your Level of Activity? 141
Physical Activity Patterns 142 Historical Patterns 142 Physical Activity
Behaviors and Barriers 143 Individual 143 Recreation 143 Built Environment
144 Occupation 144 Commuting and Transportation Choices 145 Neighborhoods
145 Social Environment 145 Efforts and Initiatives to Increase Physical
Activity 146 Technology 146 Tracking Activity 146 Virtual Social Support
146 Education Programs in Worksites, Schools, and Communities 147 Workplace
Health 147 Schools 150 Faith-based Organizations 152 Other Settings 152
Policies That Promote Increasing Physical Activity 153 National Policy 153
State Policy 155 North Carolina's Eat Smart, Move More Initiative 155 Local
Policy 158 Community Policy 158 Community Partner Initiatives and
Multisectoral Strategies 158 Walk Friendly Communities 159 Rails-to-Trails
161 Bike Shares 161 YMCA Initiatives 161 Blue Zones Project 162 Summary 163
Key Terms 163 Review Questions 164 Student Activities 165 References 165
Chapter 7 Stress, Emotional Well-Being, and Mental Health 169 Marty Loy The
Origins of the Term Stress 170 The Fight-or-flight Response 170 Stress
Physiology 172 Eustress and Distress 174 Life Stress and Illness 175
Coping: Stress Management Techniques 177 Four Coping Opportunities 178
Stress at Work 182 Demand and Control 182 Worksite Stress Management 184
Mental Health in Communities 185 Meeting Community Mental Health Needs 186
COVID-19 187 Social Determinants of Mental Health 188 Stress Management
with Children 189 Effects of Stress on Children 190 Stress Types Among
Children 191 Stress Among College Students 191 Stress in a Digital World
192 Summary 193 Key Terms 194 Review Questions 194 Student Activities 195
Acknowledgment 195 References 195 Chapter 8 Clinical Preventive Services:
Trends, Access, Promotion, and Guidelines 201 Casey Korba Benefits of
Evidence-based Clinical Preventive Services 202 Recommended Levels of
Preventive Services 203 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 203
History of Preventive Services 203 The US Preventive Services Task Force
(USPSTF) 204 USPSTF Recommendations for Asymptomatic People 205 Member
Composition 206 Identifying Evidence-based Preventive Services 206 Benefits
and Harms 207 The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) 207
Vaccines: Myths and Misinformation 207 Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) 209 Promoting the Use of Preventive Services 209
Healthcare Coverage of Evidence-based Preventive Services 209 Other
Preventive Services Provisions 211 Million Hearts Initiative 212
Nontraditional Sites of Care 212 Genetic Testing 212 Advances in Behavioral
Science 213 Barriers to Increase the Use of Evidence-based Preventive
Services 213 Educating the Public About Preventive Services 214 Research
Limitations 214 Healthcare Service Barriers 215 Summary 216 Key Terms 216
Review Questions 217 Student Activities 217 References 217 Part Three
Health Promotion In Action 221 Chapter 9 National and State Initiatives to
Promote Health and Well-Being 223 Jennifer Childress and Jill Dombrowski
Healthy People: 1979-2030 223 Healthy People 2030 224 US Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS) 226 The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) 228 National Institutes of Health (NIH) 230 U.S.
Department of Agriculture (USDA) 231 Monitoring the Nation's Health 233
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 234 Youth Risk Behavior
Surveillance System (YRBSS) 237 National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey (NHANES) 240 State Initiatives 241 Arizona 241 Cherokee Nation
Health Services (Tahlequah, Oklahoma) 243 Utah 243 National Nonprofit
Organizations 243 Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
(ASTHO) 245 Trust for America's Health 246 Local Programs 248 Summary 249
Key Terms 249 Review Questions 250 Student Activities 250 References 250
Chapter 10 Settings for Health Promotion 253 David Stevenson The Home 253
Family 254 Physical Space 254 Personal Training 255 Physical Safety 255
Communities 255 Health Fairs 256 Targeted Community Initiatives 256
Farmers' Markets and Community Gardens 257 Volunteer Opportunities 257
Early Childhood Centers 257 Hygiene and Safety Habits 257 Physical Activity
258 Nutrition and Healthy Eating Habits 258 Health Assessments 258 Schools
259 Academics and Health 259 School Policy Supporting Health 260 Teacher's
Roles 260 Healthy Food Choices 261 School Healthcare Services 261 Health
Promotion Initiatives 261 School After-hours 262 Coordinated School Health
262 Professional Opportunities 262 Colleges and Universities 262 Safe and
Healthy Environment 263 Coordinated Health Promotion 263 Physical
Environment 263 Professional Opportunities 264 The Worksite 264 Leadership
265 Worksite Safety 266 Health Promotion 267 Health Coaches 267 Employee
Assistance Programs 267 Technology and Social Media 268 Measuring and
Celebrating Success 268 Professional Opportunities 268 Healthcare Providers
269 Physicians 269 Other Healthcare Providers 269 Faith-based Centers 270
The Internet 270 Access to Information and Data 270 Tracking Personal
Health Data 271 Social Media 271 Summary 272 Key Terms 272 Review Questions
273 Student Activities 274 References 274 Chapter 11 Health
Promotion-Related Organizations, Associations, and Certifications 277
Anastasia Snelling and Michelle Kalicki Nonprofit Health Associations 278
American Heart Association (AHA) 278 Other Nonprofit Health Organizations
279 Professional Health Associations 279 Nutrition 279 Physical Activity
281 Health, Wellness, and Education 283 Scholarly and Professional Health
Journals 285 Certifications 287 Health Promotion Certifications 287 Health
Education Certifications 288 Fitness-based Certifications 289 Nutrition
Certifications 290 Health Coaching 290 Academic Institute Certifications
290 Summary 291 Key Terms 292 Review Questions 292 Student Activities 293
References 293 Chapter 12 Trends in Health Promotion 295 David Hunnicutt
Trend #1: The Population Will Get Much Older in the Next Three Decades 296
Trend #2: As Americans Age, Our Collective Physical Health Status Will
Steadily Decline If We Don't Do Things Differently 297 Trend #3: Physical
Health Problems Won't Be Our Only Concern 298 Trend #4: Healthcare Costs
Will Remain an Issue of Significant Concern Far into the Future 299 Trend
#5: Because of Its Potential, Prevention Will Become a National Priority
300 Trend #6: Telehealth Will Gain Rapid Popularity 301 Trend #7: Physical
Activity Will Become the Most Commonly Prescribed Medicine 303 Trend #8:
Efforts to Curb Obesity Will Intensify Greatly 304 Trend #9: Wearables,
Apps, Big Data, and AI Will Dominate the Wellness Arena 305 Trend #10: The
Need for Talented Health Promotion Professionals Will Skyrocket 307 Summary
307 References 308 Weblinks 311 Index 321