This text intends to familiarize the students with the basic essentials of sociology and to aid the general readers in understanding the society where we all live. The book will be of immense value to all those who are coming into contact with sociology for the first time. The book is organized in twelve chapters which include the meaning of sociology, social groups, culture and socialization, the social system, the social institution, social differentiation and stratification, deviance and social control, the relationship of sociology and other disciplines,social problems and social policy, social and cultural change, demographic analysis and characteristics of African demographic data.