Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by a filamentous fungus of the genus Aspergillus. A clear increase in its incidence has been marked in recent decades due to an increase in the number of causes and improved diagnosis.Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children is a serious infection with a high mortality rate. Its prognosis is directly dependent on early diagnosis and treatment. Environmental and chemoprophylactic preventive measures, as well as improvement of host defenses, especially in immunocompromised children, are necessary to reduce aspergillosis infection.