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Manipulation is a common phenomenon in translation, which has only recently been proposed by translation theoreticians of what is called ¿manipulation school¿. Lefevere (1992), who was one of the representatives of the Manipulation School, believed that translation is the rewriting of source texts which is manipulated by ideology, poetics, patronage and universe of discourse in which ideology and poetics are the most important constituents. Lefevere (1984) called the manipulated text as ¿refraction¿. He argued that refraction would be any text produced on the basis of another, with the intention of adapting that other text to a certain ideology.