The book is an analysis of the current relevance of Latin American Structuralist Theory to expain the process of economic development and of possible constraints set to it. After an initial sketch on the historical origins of the Structuralist Theory and its appeal for nowadays economic problems of developing countries, the book considers some formal milestone structuralist models in order to analytically describe traditional structuralist issues such as the connection between decreasing terms of trade of raw materials and economic growth potential in peripheral economies; the external constraint to growth; the search for structural changes and sustained industrialization as the long-run main way to feed economic development and close the development gap between developing countries and the developed ones.