From the title of this book, one can quickly grasp the magnitude of the economic challenge that Islamic finance represents for the countries of the European Union. What is certainly a pity is that it took a financial crisis for Islamic finance to be propelled to the forefront of the European economic scene when we are almost a century away from the Muslim presence in Europe. Between the voluntarist speeches of governments and the reality of institutions, we wanted to take stock through this book. The first part will be a reminder of the different challenges of Islamic finance for European states in a post-financial crisis global context. The second part will try to draw up a chronological study of the state of play of Islamic finance in Europe through the case study of different countries that are driving the issue: the case of England, the case of Turkey, the case of Germany, the case of France and the other countries of the European Union. Finally, the third part will focus on the prospects of Islamic finance in Europe at the dawn of the second decade of the century 2000.