This book deals with the rhizobia belonging to berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) which is a world wide important winter fodder legume. In this particular study, berseem rhizobia were isolated from different parts of Haryana, India. The isolates were characterized for important traits, followed by their molecular diversity analysis. The well characterized rhizobial isolates will have immense potential to be used as biofertilizer after field study.