Issues and Reviews in Teratology

Volume 2
Herausgegeben:Kalter, Harold

• Broschiertes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

A growing sophistication of the American populace about the nature and realities of the impact of the environment on prenatal development was not much in evi dence in 1983. Continuing accusations against Agent Orange and Bendectin high light what must be a deep credulousness and need to blame others for one's bio logical misfortunes. We despair that ignorance and nonaccountability can be dissipated by objective means. But one can only learn and teach and hope. The need to know what causes congenital malformations becomes more imperative as they become the last major holdout, the most unyielding of all the reasons babies still die and are seriously ill. In the aggregate, congenital malfor mations are now the cause of about one-third of the deaths of infants less than one month old and one-fifth of the deaths of those under one year old, up 50% in the last two decades. In the instance of one suspected cause of congenital malformations, maternal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, while the perinatal mortality rate of children of such women has gone down greatly since World War II, the fraction of deaths due to congenital malformations has grown correspondingly and is now approach ing 50%. Present-day knowledge of the causes of congenital malformations is most imperfect. A recent authoritative review found that there is understanding to one extent or another of the causation of less than half of all congenital malformations.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer / Springer US / Springer, Berlin
• Artikelnr. des Verlages: 978-1-4615-7316-6
• Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984
• Seitenzahl: 536
• Erscheinungstermin: 22. Juni 2012
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 229mm x 152mm x 29mm
• Gewicht: 765g
• ISBN-13: 9781461573166
• ISBN-10: 1461573165
• Artikelnr.: 38034701

Inhaltsangabe

1 Birth Defects Monitoring Systems: Accomplishments and Goals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Further Reasons for Registering Malformations.- 3. Fundamentals of Malformation Registration.- 4. What Should Be Monitored?.- 5. The Problem of Ascertainment.- 6. Size of Population Monitored.- 7. Properties of Monitoring Systems and Ascertainment Rates.- 8. Detection of Changes in Prevalence.- 9. Limitations and Benefits of Monitoring Systems.- References.- 2 What Is a Teratogen? Epidemiological Criteria.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definition of a Teratogen.- 3. Criteria of Judgment in Epidemiology.- 4. Dealing with Doubt.- 5. Raising the Alert.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 3 Congenital Hydrocephalus in Mice and Man.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Teratology.- 3. Discussion.- References.- 4 Congenital Defects of Domestic and Feral Animals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Definitions.- 3. Nature and Effect.- 4. Frequency.- 5. Causes.- 6. Specific Defects.- 7. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Transplacental Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Clinical Research.- 3. Animal Research.- 4. Mechanism of Transplacental Carcinogenesis.- References.- 6 Hormones, Growth Factors, and Their Receptors in Normal and Abnormal Prenatal Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Steroids.- 3. Growth Hormones and Factors.- 4. Dioxins and Their Receptors in Teratology.- 5. Benzodiazepine and Opiate Receptors.- 6. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 7 Vertebrate Limb Morphogenesis: A Review of Normal Development in a Model Experimental System with Applications toward Understanding Abnormal Limb Formation.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Apical Ectodermal Ridge.- 3. Mesoderm and Limb Patterns.- 4. Extracellular Matrix.- 5. Cell Death.- 6. Limb Mutants.- 7. Dysmorphogenesis.- 8. Summary.- References.- 8 Teratogenicity of Experimental and Occupational Exposure to Industrial Chemicals.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Alcohols (Ethanol).- 3. Aldehydes.- 4. Heavy Metals.- 5. Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Chlorinated Solvents).- 6. Ketones.- 7. Organic Solvents.- 8. Plastics and Related Chemicals.- 9. Chlorobenzenes and Carbon Monoxide.- 10. Discussion and Conclusions.- References.- 9 Critical Assessment of Genetic Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Pre- and Postnatal Development.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Prologue.- 3. The Human Experience.- 4. Permissible Exposures.- 5. Future Directions.- 6. Glossary.- References.- 10 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals of Prenatal Exposure to Selected Therapeutic Drugs and Estimation of Embryo-Fetal Sensitivity of Animals for Human Risk Assessment: A Review.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Aspirin and Salicylates.- 3. Progestational Agents.- 4. Anticonvulsant Drugs.- 5. Phenothiazines.- 6. Meprobamate.- 7. Pregnancy Toxemia and Reserpine.- 8. Thalidomide.- 9. Isoniazid.- 10. Tetracyclines.- 11. Aminopterin.- 12. Methotrexate.- 13. Fetal Sensitivity in Animals Relative to Humans: Conclusions.- 14. Summary.- References.