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Istishhad means the act of martyrdom, or the seeking of martyrdom. In recent years the term has been said to "emphasize ... heroism in the act of sacrifice" rather than "victimization" and "developed ... into a military and political strategy," often called "martyrdom operations". Istishhad attacks are often suicide bombings but include other forms of martyrdom operations. One of the first forms of modern Istishhad was crossing through minefields to detonate buried landmines and clear a safe battlefield path for following soldiers.

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Istishhad means the act of martyrdom, or the seeking of martyrdom. In recent years the term has been said to "emphasize ... heroism in the act of sacrifice" rather than "victimization" and "developed ... into a military and political strategy," often called "martyrdom operations". Istishhad attacks are often suicide bombings but include other forms of martyrdom operations. One of the first forms of modern Istishhad was crossing through minefields to detonate buried landmines and clear a safe battlefield path for following soldiers.