This book reports an investigation of how IT-assisted instruction is possible to facilitate the teaching and learning of music composition in the classroom environment. Through the comparison of the data gathered from the international literature and the experiences of some music teachers, a pedagogical framework, entitled Pedagogical Framework for Music Composition with Information Technology (PFMCIT), was formulated to assist teachers to carry out music composition activities in their classes through the application of IT. The efficacy of the application of PFMCIT was then examined by a group of music teachers who had worked together over a 6-month period in a real school setting. The results may offer directions for developing in-depth teacher training programs, and establish process-oriented curriculum guidelines to promote effective teaching and learning of music composition.