Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. John "Jack" Ertle Oliver was an American scientist. Oliver, who earned his PhD. at Columbia University in 1953, studied earthquakes and ultimately provided seismic evidence supporting plate tectonics. In the 1960s, Oliver and his former graduate student, Bryan Isacks, set up seismographic stations in the South Pacific to record earthquake activity, and the data collected led to the insight that part of the ocean floor was being pushed downward. Jack Oliver was born in Massillon, Ohio, and was a member of the Massillon Washington High School football team coached by future Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Paul Brown. He attended Columbia on a football scholarship, interrupted by his service with the United States navy as a Seabee in the South Pacific during World War II. After completing his military service, he returned to Columbia, earning his bachelor'sdegree in 1947