Japanese Canadian internment refers to the confinement of Japanese Canadians in British Columbia during World War II. The internment began in December 1941, following the attack by the Japanese air force on the American base at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii and was justified on grounds of national security. Their property was confiscated and the people were transported to camps in various locations in the interior of the province, often with substandard conditions, causing great hardship. Following the war, and the defeat of Japan, internees were given the choice of deportation or transfer to other parts of Canada. Public protests eventually caused the repeal of the legislation and a Royal Commission was appointed in 1947 to examine the confiscation of property. Historical proof revealed that the Japanese Canadians had never been a threat to national security. In 1988, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney gave a formal apology and announced the details of compensation to the affected citizens.