This work brings enriching information for the dental expert, as well as for the clinical dentist who is unaware of the procedural procedures when challenged by their patients as a result of procedures performed. In a clear and didactic way, it gathers the general and specific legislation that guides the profession, and the extent of professional responsibility. It provides in-depth knowledge about the work of Experts and Technical Assistants, the procedural phases of interest, guiding adequate strategies in a lawsuit in which the dentist is the defendant. It also discusses important points of how a civil lawsuit works, when Dental Surgeons are called to defend themselves, and the reasons that most bring patients to court. It indicates mechanisms that professionals can use for their defense, in a practical and effective manner, reinforcing the importance of each item in the medical record for a good judicial protection.