This book discusses the judicialisation of health in Brazil in the supplementary sphere, presenting a brief history of the attempt to realise the right to health in our country, as well as presenting mediation as an alternative to the growing number of lawsuits involving the relationship between private health service providers and insured people. The evolution of mediation on the national scene is fundamental and the consequence of a new way of promoting citizens' rights, and is even an express matter in the new Code of Civil Procedure. It has thus become a recent instrument that should be increasingly integrated and studied, in its consequences, as an alternative for the moment when the judiciary is overloaded with the most diverse litigation.