The purpose of this book is to conduct a comprehensive study of the legal and theoretical foundations for the development of juvenile justice in the Republic of Belarus in comparison with the global trends. Protection of children's rights is one of the most important tasks of the modern world. Overall, the sphere of human rights protection has become a part of the global problems of modern civilization development along with the issues of economy, informatization, ecology and security. A significant place in this sphere is occupied by the problem of protecting the rights of minors, who are the most vulnerable to social conflicts.Over the past 100 years, the world has accumulated vast experience and developed a certain mechanism to protect minors from external and internal influences. The need for dissemination and exchange of experience in this matter became an objective necessity and was officially recognized in the mid-twentieth century."Juvenile justice" in the modern legal field is one of the most important instruments of the state power, designed to serve as a guarantee of observance and ensuring the rights and freedoms of minors guaranteed by the legislation.