Sugar industries have an important place in the Indian economic development. However, the wastewater generated from these industries bear a high degree of pollution load. Wastewater from sugar industry, if discharged without treatment, poses pollution problems in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In this review, the sugar industry wastewater generation sources, characteristics, recent advancements in the anaerobic techniques, have been explored. As we all know that Anerobic treatment is effectively used for treating waste water from sugar industry, but the only problem is about the capacity of digester. This book deals with kinetic optimisation of size of digester for making it economical.