1.Introduction: Resources Politics and Knowing the Salween River.- 2.Salween: What’s in a Name?.- 3.Hydropower Politics and Conflict on the Salween River.- 4.From Hydropower Construction to National Park Creation: Changing Pathways of the Nu River.- 5.Rites, Rights and Water Justice in Karen State: A Case Study of Community-based Water Governance and the Hatgyi Dam.- 6.Contested Water Governance in Myanmar/Burma: Politics, the Peace Negotiations and the Production of Scale.- 7.A State of Knowledge of the Salween River: An Overview of Civil Society Research.- 8.“We Need One Natural River for the Next Genera-tion”: Intersectional Feminism and the Nujiang Dams Campaign in China.- 9.Local Context, National Law: The Rights of Karen People on the Salween River in Thailand.- 10.An Ethnobotanical Survey in Shan State, Myanmar: Where Thanlwin Biodiversity, Health, and Deforestation Meet.- 11.Not Only Anti-dam: Simplistic Rendering of Complex Salween Communities in their Negotiation for Development in Thailand.- 12.Powers of Access: Impacts on Resource Users and Researchers in Myanmar’s Shan State.- 13.Fisheries and Socio-economic Change in the Thanlwin River Estuary in Mon and Kayin State, Myanmar.- 14.The Impact of Land cover changes on socio-economic conditions in Bawlakhe District, Kayah State.- 15.Local Knowledge and Rangeland Protection on the Tibetan Plateau: Lessons for Conservation and Co-management of the Upper Nu-Salween and Yellow River Watersheds.- 16.Future Trajectories: Five Short Concluding Reflections.