Lake Tanganyika is one of the world's great freshwater reservoirs, but it is now facing threats to its biodiversity. This book is a framework that allows the Lake and the rivers that feed it to see the state of their health, for the well-being of the surrounding populations. The idea was born from the words of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI who said: "The earth speaks to us, let us listen to what the earth tells us if we want to survive". The question that Lake Tanganyika is asking itself is why the surrounding populations, industrialists and other investors continue to ask it for good quality water and fish in sufficient quantity, while they continue to give it solid and liquid waste. Lake Tanganyika is a treasure, a wealth that the Creator has given to Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In this book, an appeal is made to the leaders of these 4 countries to revisit the Convention on the Sustainable Management of the Waters of Lake Tanganyika, signed in June 2003 in Tanzania. Let us stand up to protect the biodiversity of Lake Tanganyika, especially for future generations.