Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) präsentiert in zwei umfassenden Bänden eine detaillierte Erörterung der Grundlagen der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie und enthält wichtige neue Daten, die eine bessere Charakterisierung des LIBS-Plasmas ermöglichen. In dem ausführlichen Werk werden die für LIBS-Geräte benötigten Laser, Spektrometer und Detektoren genauer betrachtet, ebenso wie verschiedene Instrumente, mit denen in einfachen Installationen, aber auch in komplexen Konfigurationen gearbeitet werden kann. Das aktuelle Referenzwerk stellt zudem die neuesten Fortschritte und…mehr
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) präsentiert in zwei umfassenden Bänden eine detaillierte Erörterung der Grundlagen der laserinduzierten Plasmaspektroskopie und enthält wichtige neue Daten, die eine bessere Charakterisierung des LIBS-Plasmas ermöglichen. In dem ausführlichen Werk werden die für LIBS-Geräte benötigten Laser, Spektrometer und Detektoren genauer betrachtet, ebenso wie verschiedene Instrumente, mit denen in einfachen Installationen, aber auch in komplexen Konfigurationen gearbeitet werden kann.
Das aktuelle Referenzwerk stellt zudem die neuesten Fortschritte und Funktionen bei LIBS-Instrumenten dar, darunter die neusten Entwicklungen von Dual-Pulse-LIBS, Femtosecond-LIBS und Mikro-LIBS sowie deren Anwendungsbereiche. Die Beiträge befassen sich durchgängig mit den analytischen Funktionen des Verfahrens in Bezug auf Nachweisgrenzen, Genauigkeit und Präzision der Messungen an verschiedenen Proben. Zum Abschluss wird eine große Zahl an Anwendungsbereichen vorgestellt, darunter Lebensmitteltechnologie, Umweltwissenschaft, Kernreaktoren, Nanowissenschaft und Nanotechnologie sowie biologische und biomedizinische Entwicklungen.
Für Wissenschaftler, die sich im Rahmen von spektroskopischen und analytischen Verfahren mit LIBS befassen, bietet dieses umfassende Referenzwerk äußerst hilfreiche Hinweise für die Entwicklung von Instrumenten und Anwendungen für LIBS. Forscher und Studenten der Naturwissenschaften und verwandter Fachbereiche können sich mithilfe dieses Werks grundlegende Kenntnisse über das Verfahren aneignen und sich über die neusten Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet informieren.
Vivek Kumar Singh is an Associate Professor in Department of Physics of Lucknow University, India. He has worked extensively on applications of XRF, LIBS, TOF-SIMS, and FTIR Spectroscopy for the study of numerous kinds of biological specimens such as gallstones, kidney stones, teeth, bones, plants, salts and others. Dr Singh is the recipient of the prestigious award of Raman Fellowship by UGC, Government of India. Durgesh Kumar Tripathi, D.Phil., is Assistant Professor at Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India. He has been the recipient of the prestigious UGC-DS-Kothari Post-Doctoral Fellowship from Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, BHU, India, and the Tony B. Academic Award, 2017, Washington DC, USA Yoshihiro Deguchi began his career in laser diagnostics with BE, ME, and DE degrees from Toyohashi University of Technology in 1985, 1987, and 1990. He moved to Tokushima University as a full professor in 2010. Professor Deguchi has published research papers on the industrial applications of laser diagnostics and is one of the leading engineers to put laser diagnostics into practical use, especially in large scale plants. Zhenzhen Wang is an Associate Professor at Xi'an Jiaotong University, in the Department of Thermal Power and Control Engineering in the School of Energy and Power Engineering. Her research interests are the laser diagnostics, measurement, and optimal control of thermal power plants, especially the developed applications of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LB-TOFMS), and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS).
Inhaltsangabe
Volume 1
Preface xix
Part I Fundamental Aspects of LIBS and Laser-Induced Plasma 1
1 Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications 3 K. M. Muhammed Shameem, Swetapuspa Soumyashree, P. Madhusudhan, Vinitha Nimma, Rituparna Das, Pranav Bhardwaj, Prashant Kumar and Rajesh K. Kushawaha
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 LIBS: ns-LIBS and fs-LIBS 5
1.3 Plasma-Plume Dynamics 10
1.4 Filamentation 14
1.5 Signal-Enhancing Strategies in LIBS 17
1.6 Applications 20
1.7 Summary 21
2 Elementary Processes and Emission Spectra in Laser-Induced Plasma 33 V. Gardette, Z. Salajkova, M. Dell'Aglio and A. De Giacomo
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Laser-Ablation Mechanism 33
2.3 Plasma Characteristics and Elementary Processes 35
2.4 Plasma in Thermodynamic Equilibrium 37
2.5 Plasma Emission Features 39
2.6 Conclusion 41
3 Diagnostics of Laser-Induced Plasma 45 Charles Ghany, Kyung-Min Lee, Herve K. Sanghapi and Vivek K. Singh
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 LIBS Plasmas and Its Characteristics 46
3.3 Factors Affecting the LIBS Plasma 49
3.4 Methods of Enhancing LIBS Sensitivity 51
3.5 LTE Plasmas and Non-LTE Plasmas 52
3.6 Laser-Plasma Expansion in Gas and Liquids: Modeling and Validation 54
3.7 Chemistry in Laser Plasmas (Biological, Medical, and Isotopic Applications) 57
3.8 Conclusion 58
4 Double and Multiple Pulse LIBS Techniques 65 Francesco Poggialini, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Simona Raneri, Vincenzo Palleschi and Stefano Legnaioli
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Double-Pulse LIBS: Geometries and Configurations 67
4.3 Signal Enhancement in DP-LIBS: Principles and Theory 77
4.4 Applications of DP-LIBS 80
4.5 Conclusions 83
5 Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 89 Jörg Hermann
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Validity Conditions of the Physical Model 90
5.3 Methods of Calibration-Free Measurements 98
5.4 Critical Review of Analytical Performance 107
5.5 Conclusion 115
Part II Molecular LIBS and Instrumentation Developments 123
6 Molecular Species Formation in Laser-Produced Plasma 125 K. M. Muhammed Shameem, Swetapuspa Soumyashree, P. Madhusudhan, Vinitha Nimma, Rituparna Das, Pranav Bhardwaj and Rajesh K. Kushawaha
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Atmospheric Contribution in LIBS Spectra 127
6.3 CN and C2 Molecular Formation in LIP 127
6.4 Summary 134
7 Recent Developments in Standoff Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 137 Linga Murthy Narlagiri and Venugopal Rao Soma
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Laser Systems Used 137
7.3 Instrumentation in Standoff LIBS 138
7.4 Gated and Non-Gated CCDs/Spectrometers 139
7.5 Experimental Setup 139
7.6 Reviews on Standoff LIBS 140
7.7 Studies in Standoff LIBS 140
7.8 Variants in Standoff LIBS 146
7.9 Machine-Learning for Data Analysis in Standoff Mode 149
7.10 Advancements in Standoff LIBS Methods 150
7.11 Ongoing Study at ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad 153
7.12 Conclusions and Outlook 158
8 Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 165 Zita Salajková, Marcella Dell'Aglio, Vincent Gardette and Alessandro De Giacomo
Part I Fundamental Aspects of LIBS and Laser-Induced Plasma 1
1 Nanosecond and Femtosecond Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications 3 K. M. Muhammed Shameem, Swetapuspa Soumyashree, P. Madhusudhan, Vinitha Nimma, Rituparna Das, Pranav Bhardwaj, Prashant Kumar and Rajesh K. Kushawaha
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 LIBS: ns-LIBS and fs-LIBS 5
1.3 Plasma-Plume Dynamics 10
1.4 Filamentation 14
1.5 Signal-Enhancing Strategies in LIBS 17
1.6 Applications 20
1.7 Summary 21
2 Elementary Processes and Emission Spectra in Laser-Induced Plasma 33 V. Gardette, Z. Salajkova, M. Dell'Aglio and A. De Giacomo
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Laser-Ablation Mechanism 33
2.3 Plasma Characteristics and Elementary Processes 35
2.4 Plasma in Thermodynamic Equilibrium 37
2.5 Plasma Emission Features 39
2.6 Conclusion 41
3 Diagnostics of Laser-Induced Plasma 45 Charles Ghany, Kyung-Min Lee, Herve K. Sanghapi and Vivek K. Singh
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 LIBS Plasmas and Its Characteristics 46
3.3 Factors Affecting the LIBS Plasma 49
3.4 Methods of Enhancing LIBS Sensitivity 51
3.5 LTE Plasmas and Non-LTE Plasmas 52
3.6 Laser-Plasma Expansion in Gas and Liquids: Modeling and Validation 54
3.7 Chemistry in Laser Plasmas (Biological, Medical, and Isotopic Applications) 57
3.8 Conclusion 58
4 Double and Multiple Pulse LIBS Techniques 65 Francesco Poggialini, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Simona Raneri, Vincenzo Palleschi and Stefano Legnaioli
4.1 Introduction 65
4.2 Double-Pulse LIBS: Geometries and Configurations 67
4.3 Signal Enhancement in DP-LIBS: Principles and Theory 77
4.4 Applications of DP-LIBS 80
4.5 Conclusions 83
5 Calibration-Free Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 89 Jörg Hermann
5.1 Introduction 89
5.2 Validity Conditions of the Physical Model 90
5.3 Methods of Calibration-Free Measurements 98
5.4 Critical Review of Analytical Performance 107
5.5 Conclusion 115
Part II Molecular LIBS and Instrumentation Developments 123
6 Molecular Species Formation in Laser-Produced Plasma 125 K. M. Muhammed Shameem, Swetapuspa Soumyashree, P. Madhusudhan, Vinitha Nimma, Rituparna Das, Pranav Bhardwaj and Rajesh K. Kushawaha
6.1 Introduction 125
6.2 Atmospheric Contribution in LIBS Spectra 127
6.3 CN and C2 Molecular Formation in LIP 127
6.4 Summary 134
7 Recent Developments in Standoff Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 137 Linga Murthy Narlagiri and Venugopal Rao Soma
7.1 Introduction 137
7.2 Laser Systems Used 137
7.3 Instrumentation in Standoff LIBS 138
7.4 Gated and Non-Gated CCDs/Spectrometers 139
7.5 Experimental Setup 139
7.6 Reviews on Standoff LIBS 140
7.7 Studies in Standoff LIBS 140
7.8 Variants in Standoff LIBS 146
7.9 Machine-Learning for Data Analysis in Standoff Mode 149
7.10 Advancements in Standoff LIBS Methods 150
7.11 Ongoing Study at ACRHEM, University of Hyderabad 153
7.12 Conclusions and Outlook 158
8 Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 165 Zita Salajková, Marcella Dell'Aglio, Vincent Gardette and Alessandro De Giacomo
8.1 Introduction 165
8.2 Fundamentals 166
8.3 Applications 174
8.4 Conclusion 179
9 Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown S
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