The success of leaders and organizational leadership function, behavior, and practices are determined by a variety of internal and external organizational factors. Gender differences in leadership are found to have implications for organizational effectiveness on a theoretical level. However, evidence to investigate the relationship between gender differences in leadership and organizational effectiveness is scanty. As a result, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gender differences in leadership roles on the organizational effectiveness of health service organizations in Ethiopia to address the empirical data gap. Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimension Theoretical Framework was used in the study. The goal of the study was to see if there is a link between gender differences in organizational leadership roles and organizational effectiveness in Ethiopian non-governmental health service delivery organizations.