The monograph discloses the legal basis of material, financial, medical and pension provision, social protection and the institute of incentives for police officers (militia) of the Russian state. It analyzes the legislation on financial security and social protection of the Russian Empire police officers, the Soviet state police and the Russian Federation. Benefits, guarantees and compensations, medical care of police officers (militia) are considered. The amount of money allowance of the lower ranks of the police, additional salary for length of service is shown. The types of leaves and their duration are analyzed. Rules on special advantages of civil service are considered. The analysis of lump-sum benefits and pension payments in the Russian Empire, as well as the police of the Soviet state and modern Russia. For researchers, practicing lawyers, teachers, postgraduate students (adjunct) and all those interested in the history of the internal affairs agencies.