This book is a collection of papers which I wrote on some lexical issues in Arabic and English. The first paper aims at analyzing the difficulties (linguistic and cultural) facing professional translators in rendering problematic Arabic headlines and the strategies they adopt to produce informative and acceptable translations. In order to analyze the translation difficulties faced by translators, twenty headlines were selected, and a four-step questionnaire was designed and sent to thirty professional translators of long experience in the field. The second one adopts a comparative approach with the aim of revealing many of the similarities and dissimilarities between Arabic and English in borrowing words from other languages. The third one focuses on how the lexical variation between Arabic dialects may hinder and sometimes block the channel of communication between Arabs with a special reference to the Egyptian and Saudi dialects. The last one aims at throwing some light on somelexical challenges facing translators nowadays hoping to draw the attention of translation students and novice translators to be alert to such challenges.