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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Limb development in tetrapods animals with four limbs is an area of active research in developmental biology. Limb formation begins in the limb field, as a limb "bud." Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces formation of an organizer, called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which guides further development and controls cell death. Apoptosis programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate webbing between digits. The limb field is a region specified by homeobox (Hox) gene expression, which appears to be controlled by retinoic acid. Limb formation…mehr

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High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Limb development in tetrapods animals with four limbs is an area of active research in developmental biology. Limb formation begins in the limb field, as a limb "bud." Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces formation of an organizer, called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which guides further development and controls cell death. Apoptosis programmed cell death is necessary to eliminate webbing between digits. The limb field is a region specified by homeobox (Hox) gene expression, which appears to be controlled by retinoic acid. Limb formation results from series of epithelial-mesenchymal inductions between the limb bud mesenchymal cells and the overlying ectodermal cells. Cells from the lateral plate mesoderm and the myotome migrate to the limb field and proliferate to create the limb bud. The lateral plate cells produce the cartilaginous and skeletal portions of the limb while the myotome cells produce the muscle components.