Welcome to an in-depth look at the breakthroughs and challenges in the world of lithium batteries. This edited volume covers the history, current state, and future prospects of various aspects of lithium battery research. We explore the quest for higher energy and power density, better safety measures, and sustainable innovations driving the lithium battery revolution. The chapters address the challenges of anode materials, the crucial importance of safety, the specific needs of batteries for aerial electric vehicles, and advancements in lithium metal batteries. These chapters offer a thorough overview for enthusiasts, researchers, and industry experts. Key topics include nanostructuring, thermal runaway mitigation, 3D printing, and custom designs. This book provides insights into lithium battery technology and a roadmap towards sustainable, efficient, and innovative energy solutions. Discover the future of energy storage as we work together to advance lithium-ion battery technology.